Hydro Assist Fuel Cell - Do They Really Work?

By Sinclair Sonny

There are many valid reasons to start looking for alternative fuels for your car. There is the looming danger of global warming, and of course, the most pressing as of the moment, the current global economic downturn. It is for these reasons that many people are looking for ways to lower their spending on fuels. While it may take more than just decades to totally eradicate the use of fossil fuels, there are existing technologies today that can help anyone improve the fuel economy of their car and extend mileage per gallon.

Once of the more noteworthy technologies out there is Hydro Assist Fuel Cell (HAFC). HAFC is a combination of tested principles in the tradition of fuel saving technologies. It is available today, not merely available 'years from now' as others might lead you to believe.

One way to describe HAFC is to imagine your car as an electric generator. The generator uses fuel (in our case, petrol) in the engine to create energy. This energy is transported to the drive shaft and then down to the wheels. That is what that makes the car go.

HAFC technology extracts a hydrogen-oxygen mixture from water by ionizing it with electricity from the battery. This hydrogen-oxygen mixture is then added to your fuel before it is burned in the engine, making it burn more easily and powerfully. This energy rich gas (hydrogen-oxygen) is called Brown's gas, and is a proven technology that is used in welding torches and plasma cutters.

This energy rich gas (hydrogen-oxygen) called Brown's gas, mixed with vaporized gasoline enriches the fuel mixture, giving out more energy as it burns. The more efficient the burn the less fuel is needed in the engine, thus improving you vehicles gas mileage.

This system also uses powerful magnets to ionize the gasoline to produce smaller molecules that burn rapidly and cleanly. It is a common mistake that gasoline burns. Gasoline does not burn, however gasoline vapor does. Gasoline is made inert to lessen the chances of it exploding. Before it is burned in the engine, the liquid gas is turned into a fine mist and pumped into the car's combustion chamber. Mist is still mostly liquid. HAFC technology turns it into a gas, and the system breaks it down further to make it burn more. This result in a more explosive mixture, means more power, and less emission, using less fuel. That is the reason why LPG cars that run on Liquefied Petroleum Gas are more popular, economical even.

Some studies have shown that the HAFC system can produce gas savings of a minimum of 50%. This is a dramatic increase in mileage and fuel economy, though it is expected that savings will vary from vehicle to vehicle, and depending on the uses the vehicles sees.

What is amazing about this system is that it will work on all existing gasoline-burning cars. No more converting you car into LPG fuel driven system; and unlike conversions to LPG fuel, there will be no need for modifications, only added components that will not burden the car. It is also compatible with other emerging technologies such as Pre Ignition Catalytic Converter technology, which should be available to you soon.

Valuation of Antique Lionel Trains and Selling Guide

By Nathan Kelly

Are you searching to sell your old Lionel trains? Maybe you have discovered a gold mine at your neighborhood garage sale! Or maybe you've discovered a box in the attic filled with these used Lionel trains. How do you check their worth?

When it comes down to it, their valued, or their trading cost, will count on several things, not the least of which is how much the purchaser is prepared to give you to get it. The most moved buyers will naturally pay more than somebody who is not fiery about it.

The last individual you want to trade your used Lionel train to is some of those individuals who post advertizements saying "I buy trains!". These individuals are in the business of moneymaking the worst possible price, and then selling as high as possible. You most likely will not get a good cost existing.

Who you DO want to speak to is proper collectors of used Lionel trains. They are most in all probability to make you a fair cost, and in this group of someones is where you are also most likely to find a motivated buyer. You may have a local group of collectors in your individual area. Hobby workshops that handle in antique Lionel trains, or supply regions and supplements for them, can direct you in finding the trusted collectors.

Now that you recognise where to find a purchaser, here are some tips to aid you put a cost on your used Lionel train.

The Train Collectors Association has tight grading measures that are observed by the typical train collectors in finding evaluations. They split the total range of conditions into seven categories, ranging from brand new and unused (mint condition) to scrap, with whatever functional sections (poor condition). The seven classes are: Mint, Like New, Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, Poor. Your train will fall someplace into one of these classes.

In addition, there are two quality leads released every yr that can aid you to check a rate for your old Lionel train. These publishing companies are well honorable in this arena, and have been releasing these guides for numerous yr. The two guides are:

TM's Lionel Price and Rarity Guide - Volume 1 or Volume 2, depending on the date your Lionel train was manufactured

Greenberg's Pocket Price Guide to Lionel Trains

There are particular affairs you can do which can make a tremendous difference in your marketing cost. Say your train is in mint condition, plus you have the special box, you will get the highest cost manageable. So don't ever so cast away the box if you have one. Also, clean your train so that there is no dust, grease, dirt, or old built up oil on it. A clean and shiny train that doesn't move can ofttimes require a high dealing price than a dirty one that works. In addition, sometimes just cleansing it up and making secondary repairs can mend that old train to a more valuable condition.

You can get an excellent guide for fixing your antique Lionel train at LionelManuals.com. The guide is really 2 CDs full of instructions, blueprints, parts lists, and detailed diagrams for every Lionel train ready-made from 1906 through 1986. It makes fixing your train simple, and can easy double or triple the price you can get for your train. With some of these collectible trains, doing the easy repairs can in reality bring you thousands of dollars more when you trade it.

So you see, there is a lot that goes into committing a rate on your used Lionel train. Your best reckoned to get a big trading cost is to do your inquiry on your train, check the established guides, make contact with a collectors club, and present a restored, clean and beaming train to a wild collector.

HAFC and PICC - Save Money on Gas

By Sinclair Sonny

Although we have seen pump prices ease somewhat because of the drop in global crude prices, there is still the global credit and economic crunch weighing on people's minds. People are now focused on saving money and reducing expenditures, not gong out and spending.

Gasoline (for our cars) accounts for a large portion of our household budget. Therefore, if we can lower our consumption, find fuel saving options, and increase our gas mileage, we'll be in a good position to weather the coming economic storm.

Currently, there are many options available to increase fuel savings and gas mileage. If you are into alternative fuels, you can make your own bio diesel, or even modify your car to use Liquefied Petroleum Gas or (LPG), which burns more cleanly than regular fuels, and is much more earth friendly.

But if major savings is what you are after, there are two technologies that may give you the double take. One is available already, while the other is in the experimental stages - Hydro Assist Fuel Cell (HAFC) technology and Pre-Ignition Catalytic Converter (PICC) technology.

What is HAFC?

Hydro Assist Fuel Cell technology is a two-part fuel efficiency system. First, it extracts a hydrogen-oxygen mixture from water through ionization using the electricity created by the engine. This hydrogen-oxygen, called Brown's Gas, is added to the fuel mixture before it is burned in the engine. It is obvious that you can save a lot because part of your fuel comes from water, which is free.

The HAFC system also uses several powerful magnets to ionize the gasoline and break it down to smaller molecules that burn more rapidly. Better gasoline plus explosive brown's gas yields a very potent fuel mixture. It is a more explosive mixture, meaning more power, less greenhouse gas emissions, and ultimately uses less fuel.

Early lab tests peg the fuel savings from HAFC at least a minimum of 50%.

What is PICC System?

The Pre-Ignition Catalytic Converter or PICC system is an experimental system that even in its developmental stage promises to up your gas mileage by about at least 5 times.

Catalytic converters are not new, not by a long shot. These are already installed in the car's emission systems and used for cleaning post engine emissions by breaking down the large gas molecules left un-burnt in your engine. This breaks the fuel into smaller particles that can be incinerated in the tailpipe.

The PICC is simply the same system - but in reverse. Instead of the fuel being broken down after being used in the engine, the PICC system breaks it down pre-engine use. Gas burns better in vapor form indeed gas will only burn when it is a gas. Break down gas further and theoretically, the fuel will be more explosive, burn easier and more powerfully necessitating less fuel injected into the engine.

The best part about these two is that they can be used side by side, and together these technologies promise to revolutionize the automotive industry, not to mention keeping more dollars in your pocket.

Surprised by Stumblehere.com

By Lilly Mendez

Selling my vehicle on stumblehere.com was painless. I was suprised because I have never heard of this site before.

It all started when I posted on craigslist an ad for my 2000 van. Not long after I posted my ad I received a call from a representative who had used stumblehere.com. I am sure that he was used to people not being happy about his phone call to them and I was along with that group.

I did not want to listen to some sales speach about how stumblehere was a place to sell my stuff. The last thing I wanted to do was post more ads.

I had not heard of stumblehere.com before. Something about the name made me want to try it. I decided that the ad syndication they were promoting sounded like something I wanted to try.

So I went to the stumblehere.com website and posted a classified ad. I then upgraded it to make it a featured ad on their site and added ad syndication. I wanted to get my ad on as many websites as possible.

Stumblehere will be my classified site for life. I sold my vehicle and am excited it went soo smoothly. I did not think it would work, but it did.

Brown's Gas And Your Car

By Sinclair Sonny

Water burns, and we don't mean when it is boiling.

Whether you believe it or not, you can use water to weld metals, cut through steel, and even use water to fuel your internal combustion engine.

This is done by using a system that turns water into a gas called "Brown's Gas". Brown's gas is simply water broken down into its constituent parts, Hydrogen and Oxygen and recombined in a specific manner under a specific pressure. When these two gases are re-combined under pressure, they can be lighted and will produce an implosion that releases massive heat and energy.

California inventor and Professor Yul Brown has developed a system (and has since patented it) that will convert plain tap water to a stoichiometric mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, another state of water besides ice, water, or steam, and he has aptly called it as Brown's Gas.

Brown's gas can be used for many things, from desalinating any water into pure drinking water, welding, create a vacuum to pump water, sublimate tungsten, and cut steel.

There are already some early market versions of Brown's Gas Welders available in the market, and though still looking like they're in the prototype stage, are very serviceable. Another early setback is that cost, however, the cost of running them in the long term will more than compensate for the initial price. Brown's gas is efficient, safe, clean and inexpensive to maintain; no more dangerous oxy-acetylene tanks, simply water will suffice.

Another, far more significant use, of Brown's gas is in the area of automotive fuel efficiency.

Brown's gas is a critical component of Hydro Assist Fuel Cell or HAFC, a newly introduced system that significantly reduces gas consumption in motor vehicles.

Part of what makes HAFC technology effective its ability to extract a hydrogen-oxygen mixture - brown's gas - from water by ionizing it with electricity from the battery. The brown's gas is then added to your fuel before it is burned in the engine making it burn more easily and powerfully.

Brown's gas extracted from water enriches the fuel mixture, allowing you to pump less fuel into the engine but get the same if not greater amount of burn, thus improving you vehicles gas mileage.

Studies show that HAFC systems improve gas mileage at least 50%. This increase in mileage and fuel economy may vary from vehicle to vehicle, and depending on vehicle's usage.

These are currently some of the promising uses for Brown's Gas, and as shown by the Brown's Gas Welding machines and HAFC technology in cars, it is a discovery that will greatly benefit many industries particularly the construction and the auto industry. One thing is for certain, once the use of HAFC goes mainstream, it will greatly lessen America's reliance on foreign oil - one of the great victories for Brown's Gas.

Discover How To Buy Used Lionel Trains - Buying Guide

By Luis Hughs

Are you in the market for a antique Lionel train? If so, here are some hints and tricks that can aid you locate a good train, and save you whatsoever cash on the price you have to give to get it.

Starting, recognizing how collectors of used Lionel trains put a rate on them will aid you to acquire your best deal. In addition, if you are meaning to sell your train later, acknowledging what moves the resale rate is an important thoughtfulness.

There are 2 accomplished guides that will help you learn a moderate price for some proper train:

Greenberg's Pocket Price Guide to Lionel Trains

TM's Lionel Price and Rarity Guide - 2 Volumes

These guides are simply that - guides. They give you a projected peak for your dialogues. It's sort of like in the film "The Pirates of The Caribbean" where they speak about the Pirate Code represents to a greater extent like a guide rather than tough and responsible rules. So the costs listed in the guides are a common evaluation rather than a definite cost.

What is strictly watched by collectors, though, is the Train Collectors Association Grading Standards. These banners classify utilised Lionel trains as going to one of seven classes, opening with Mint Condition, signifying unused and in perfect condition, and ending with Poor Condition, signifying the train is pretty much a piece of debris, with perhaps a few operational sections. You will most liable want to purchase a train that is somewhere in between these extremes.

An reading of these categories can save you whatsoever money, and make you some cash. For model, if somebody is billing you a price for a train in Mint Condition, it really might be in Like New or Excellent condition, rather than Mint. If you can tell that the train has been used at all, then it is not Mint condition, and you do not need to get the Mint condition cost. You can prepare some nice benefits by purchasing a used Lionel train in one category, cleaning it up and making numerous minor amends, and so dealing it for a good profit in one of the better categories.

There is an quality guide to fixing and reconstructing your train over at LionelManuals.com. They have an affordable set of CDs with all the instructions, blueprints, diagrams, regions lists, and catalogues you will want to get your train looking like original again!

Once you have a deal on how to look for an proper price, you are set up to go surfing for your used Lionel Train. You will find numerous of your greatest deals at garage sales, flea markets, in the For Sale segments of papers (especially the moderate community newspapers), at estate sales, and at times on Ebay. Most of the people trading their used Lionel Trains through these methods do not understand the proper value of their trains. To them, they are just whatsoever old stuff. You can find numerous really great bargains if you preserve tabs on these markets.

You can find some really nice used Lionel trains at collectors clubs. You may not get such a big buy on your train, but you will get a fair price. You can determine about your local clubs through hobby workshops that sell or fix used Lionel trains, or sell add-on for them. A lot of these collectors are their better clients, and the shop owner can put you in touch with them.

So whether you are counting for a great deal on a used Lionel train, or a great train at a fair price, watching these tips will help you become a willing client, and the stunning possessor of an noble Lionel train!

Get The Best Price For Your Old Lionel Train

By Philip Stein

It's human nature to want to know what something you have or have created would be worth if you wanted to sell it. Not that you would ever want to sell something that was dear to you of course, but it's still nice to know what you have is worth something to somebody and if god forbid that day came, at least you know you won't get ripped off because you will have all the knowledge you need to make an informed selling decision on the day.

Also, its good to know the value of these things for insurance purposes. I highly suggest that you insure your model trains against theft an fire and any sort of damage possible.

There are three major factors to appraising the worth of your model train collection. Of course the first thing, like any collectible is the rarity of the object in question. Production numbers can be used to do this quite well, but it's not the only way and probably not always the best way either.

A train is rare if only a few were ever produced, but the price also goes up on supply and demand. If there is no demand for this type of train, then it won't sell or fetch a high price. So you see, production numbers can be used, but it's not alway the best way to value you model train or model train collection.

Simple business principles apply here. If there is a high demand for a model train and there are only a few of them around and it's hard for people to find and buy one that they actually want, then this is where top dollar will be paid to you. It's only human to want something you can't have and want, and knowing someone else has that you want and cannot have!

The next factor to look at is the condition the model train is in. Bad condition trains rarely sell for a high price. This is probably not something you will be able to determine yourself especially if you are attached to the train. Try and get an objective opinion from someone you trust and get them to grade the train.

S Gauge Model Train - Toy Train Guide

By Ernest Perry

In this article I am going to be talking to you about the S-scale or the S-gauge model train. This is a model train thats scale is 1:64 in size. It's popular because it fits between the HO and O model train scales. It can meet the requirements on a scale which is larger then the HO scale, which is considered too small for many hardcore model train fanatics.

It is how ever smaller then the O scale for model trains, which is good because it allows your track layouts to be laid out in a smaller area of space. As we all know, space can be at a premium when it comes to model trains and having space around the home. There is nothing more annoying then having a vision for your model train layout but not having enough room to implement it.

The S-gauge series of model trains has been around for nearly 100 years, but it did not really become popular until the creation of the re designed American Flyer model of trains. These were first produced by a company called A C Gilbert. They were based in Connecticut in the USA in the mid 1930's. Funnily enough it was one of the companies that was not hit hard by the recession, which just goes to prove how crazy we model railroaders really are!

The American Flyer model train, the train that has become so popular started its life out as a clockwork model train. It then became later an electric train. At this point it was dramatically redesigned to fit its new power mode. Gilbert's design for the new American Flyer was a huge hit. The American Flyer and the model trains build by A C Gilbert were built on the S-scale, how ever they ran on the O-gauge tracks which were standard at that time.

A decade or so later, A C Gilbert changed it up again. They designed and re designed it. They re designed the tracks for the S-scale model trains. Taking it away from the more traditional 3 track rails which were the ones used in the electric model trains of the day.

In general the three track rail back then would have two outer tracks for the wheels of the model train, and then the 3rd track in the middle would be the one carrying the current from the electricity to power the model trains motor.

The three track model was not very similar to the real thing how ever the two track rails were very similar and become very popular. The two track rails had a more realistic look to them and they made the layouts seem more real. This is because they were starting to look like real train tracks.

These tracks were developed for the smaller S-scale model trains and it allowed the model train tracks to have more realistic layouts with more curves and curves of different radius's. This was much better to run the popular and newly re designed American Flyer on.

Most of the baby boomer S-scale fanatics would have had their first taste of that scale with the hugely popular American Flyer model train back in the 50's. This was a very popular Christmas present. At this time, the American Flyer was also competing with another popular model train series, the Lionel model train. These two were the big dogs in the market at the time.

The S-scale model trains are still very popular including the American Flyer. They are rising in popularity with the younger generation. The Lionel company purchased the model train type from the people who purchased the American Flyer from A C Gilbert. The Lionel company was in very deep financial strife in the 60's and 70's and it went through many different sets of hands. The Lionel company still operates today, but its a totally different company from what it was.

There are still many different organizations out there today who cater to those who are interested int he S-scale model of trains. There is actually a national association called "The National Association Of S-Gaugers."

They do have a very active membership with people ranging from all ages. If you Google them you will find their website. They have activities, a newsletter, events they hold and of course suppliers for S-model enthusiasts. They have associations in the US, UK and Australia and probably more but I could not find any. There are even some Yahoo Groups on the subject.

S-scale is still one of the fastest growing scales that is within the model train industry and it's not going away any time soon. It's actually growing quicker then any other scale. It works on such less space compared to that of the HO scale. S-scale products are reliable and they are still very accurate.

It might have been a checkered past for the S-scale model train, but it's not going anywhere soon and its a good way to start with your model train hobby.

A Review of LionelManuals Repair Manuals For Model Trains

By Stanley Hughs

Do you require to fix your Lionel train? Are you a Lionel train enthusiast, buying, mending up, and trading Lionel trains? If so, and then you'll be grateful to discover the perfect Lionel trains repair manual at LionelManuals.com!

Actually, it is much more than just a repair manual, too. It's a 2 CD set chock full of everything you ask to be confident to fix, mend, or accessorize Lionel trains at a professional level.

You'll learn particular instructions for mending every Lionel train invented from 1906 through 1986. These certain directions are exemplified throughout with 1000s of diagrams and unique blueprints to make reading the instructions crystal clear. Ask to take simply 1 part of a plot? No problem! They're "zoomable"! Yes, the manuals were designed with you in mind! You can zoom in on several region so that you can visualise exactly the position that you are operating on.

Even with so much subject, you can easily find the exact page you want for your particular train. Its user-friendly - they indexed each page for you!

Addition, the manual is printable, so that you can print out what you need and take it to your study table with you.

There is likewise a favourable divisions and accessories catalog. You can visualise what each is ready for your Lionel train, and acquire numerous huge minds on supplements to make your setup finished.

You can even reckon how your Lionel train set was in the first place prepare back when it was manufactured. They have included a lot of old Lionel catalogues, advertisings, and photographs. Experience your train with it's introductory concept, and feel a few warm memories of the old days creeping in. Most Lionel train collectors today have a passion for their hobby for this very reason. They think of what it was like when they were so small and they got their first Lionel train! They can experience the awe and the pleasure all over once more.
It's like Christmas morning! Is it the same for you? Is that why you are repairing your old Lionel train right now? They do have a way of bringing back those memories, don't they?

Yes, Lionel trains are 1 of the good sections of our story, and a region that we like to think.

Speaking of history, your two CD Lionel Train repair and restoration set likewise takes on an informative report: The History of the US Railway System. See how accurate your Lionel trains are, and how well the models fit in with the real history of trains in our nation. In Point Of Fact, several of the Lionel trains were an exact replication of a specific train.

All this can be yours with the full Lionel train repair manual set from LionelManuals.com. It's an quality value! You are confident to love it!

Tips to Improve Milage Easily

By Dan Sewinski

There is not a single driver among us who would not prefer to spend less of their hard-earned cash at the fuel pump. That is why people are becoming more and more aware of the many simple and cost effective ways that they can improve their fuel economy.

Just about everyone knows that if you want to save gas, you need to drive slower. After all, that is common sense. Even though you can save a lot of gas by going slower on the highway, many people are unwilling to do so, for instance. The trick is to find ways to increase gas mileage without having to do things that you are not willing to do in the long term.

First of all, stop neglecting the regular maintenance that your car needs! According to studies, a dirty air filter can cost you up to 20% of the gas mileage you should be receiving.

Two simple things that car owners can do to increase their gas mileage are changing their sparks and keeping their tires properly inflated.

Similarly, too many drivers are carting around a vehicle full of unnecessary things that are robbing them of valuable gas mileage. For every 250 pounds of excess gear in your car, you can count on around one mile per gallon lost! Also, make sure that you take bike racks and other items off of your vehicle when it is not the proper season.

It is possible to save money on gas even when filling up at the gas pump. Save a few extra cents by not topping off the gas tank so that the amount is an even dollar amount. The small amount of gas will most likely not get into the tank properly thereby wasting money.

Your car is designed with features to help maintain maximum gas mileage. For example, using your cruise control ensures that your engine will not be fluctuating and you can save a little money on gas as a result.

It is vital that you not only know the methods for increasing gas mileage, but that you are consistent in their implementation, unless you want to keep visiting the gas station regularly!